We qualitatively illustrate and quantitatively evaluate our novel multi-peak RTT technique on phantom and human datasets in comparison with the state of the art offline tractography from MRtrix, which is robust to fiber crossings. The technique runs on a single Computer Processing Unit (CPU) without the need for Graphical Unit Processing (GPU) programming. To achieve such real-time performance, we propose a novel evolution equation based on the upsampled principal directions, also called peaks, extracted at each voxel of the dMRI dataset. In this work, we propose a real-time fiber tracking (RTT) tool which can instantaneously compute and display streamlines. Having access to tractography parameters can thus be advantageous, as it will help in better isolating those which are sensitive to certain streamline features and potentially converge on optimal settings which are area-specific. As a result, a slight change in tracking parameters may return different connectivity profiles and complicate the interpretation of the results. tumor patient), optimal tracking parameters can be dramatically different. Therefore, depending on the area of interest or subject (e.g., healthy control vs. However, the scale and curvature of fiber bundles can vary from region to region in the brain. Most publicly available tractography techniques and most studies are based on a fixed set of tractography parameters. Tractography is nowadays central in structural connectivity since it is the only non-invasive technique to obtain information about brain wiring. The computerized process of reconstructing white matter tracts from diffusion MRI (dMRI) data is often referred to as tractography. 5Division of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.4Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.3Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.2Department of Nuclear Medecine and Radiobiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.1Centre de Recherche CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.Maxime Chamberland 1,2,3 *, Kevin Whittingstall 1,2,4, David Fortin 1,5, David Mathieu 5 and Maxime Descoteaux 1,3 *
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